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This book is designed to provide a holistic perspective, combining ecological science, economic analysis, and conservation strategies. It begins with foundational concepts of coastal geography and geomorphology, followed by an in-depth exploration of marine biodiversity and coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, estuaries, and wetlands. Special emphasis is placed on the ecological functions of these systems and their role in maintaining environmental stability. The economic dimensions of the coastal region are also examined in detail. Chapters on fisheries, aquaculture, coastal agriculture, tourism, and maritime trade highlight how coastal resources contribute to livelihoods and regional development. Traditional knowledge systems, particularly those practiced by communities such as the Koli, Agri, and Bhandari, are integrated into the discussion to emphasize the importance of indigenous wisdom in sustainable resource management.